In years past, you could get by with running ONLY 3 wires out to a remote building for 120/240 volt single phase 3 wire service, that would be 2 Hots (L1 & L2) and a Neutral (a grounDED conductor), and you would (as usual) drive a ground rod(s) at the remote location. HOWEVER the modern practice is to run 4 wires out to the remote building 2 Hots (L1 & L2) a Neutral (a grounDED conductor) and the Equipment safety ground (a groundING conductor)
THE TROUBLE IS different jurisdictions may or may not have adopted different versions of the NEC SO YOU HAVE TO CONSULT YOUR LOCAL AUTHORITY versus relying on most of us here. If they say run 3 then do that but if they say run 4 then you have to do that.
Animals are so sensitive to electrical current and shocks that old bossey may refuse to drink from an automatic watering device if it has a metal case that has a voltage potential higher then mother earth shes standing on, so there are indeed certain limited exceptions when it comes to grounding in ag buildigns used to house livestock. With paralell Neutral and phase wires and Equipment Ground Conductors ran a long distance to the outbuilding the capacitor affect can cause the equipment ground to have a potential higher then earth OUCH for old Bossey lol Soooooooo the exceptions allow you a method to bring that back down to mother earth so the waterers metal frame is the same potential as earth.. I believe that was the basic theory anyway (its been a longggggggggg time)
NOTE check with your local authority, although I used to design secondary power distribution systems as an EE Ive been long retired and rusty on current NEC so NO WARRANTY this is my best recollection ONLY
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Today's Featured Article - The Nuts and Bolts of Fasteners - Part 2 - by Curtis Von Fange. In our previous article we discussed capscrews, bolts, and nuts along with their relative hardness and thread sizes. In this segment we will finish up on our fasteners and then work with ways to keep them from loosening up in the field. Capscrews, bolts and nuts are not the only means of holding two parts together. When dealing with thinner metals like sheet tin, a long bolt and
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