Depends on what reference points were used. In older areas of the USA (earlier settled) like here in New York, the original and only definitive reference marks are land-patent lines that were established 1643 to 1803. Some with slash-marks on big trees, some using creeks that have changed course, wooden stakes driven into the ground, and some with more durable markers like iron pins driven into rocks. When a surveyor does a survey here, he/she is supposed to somehow measure from an existing patent line - even if it's 40 miles distant. Obviously, there are short cuts taken. In my area, local surveyors base their new surveys on line established in their former surveys. So, one mistake made long ago leads to many more mistakes.
In newer populated areas, the system is neater and more reliable. Michigan comes to mind. I just had my farmland surveyed there, and the 1800s section lines are well organized, straight, and well marked.
Some surveys can never be proven, and with them, usually they get settled by Court Order or compromise.
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Today's Featured Article - Hydraulics - Cylinder Anatomy - by Curtis von Fange. Let�s make one more addition to our series on hydraulics. I�ve noticed a few questions in the comment section that could pertain to hydraulic cylinders so I thought we could take a short look at this real workhorse of the circuit. Cylinders are the reason for the hydraulic circuit. They take the fluid power delivered from the pump and magically change it into mechanical power. There are many types of cylinders that one might run across on a farm scenario. Each one could take a chapter in
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