Posted by buickanddeere on September 02, 2008 at 05:33:47 from (209.240.125.148):
In Reply to: hornet/wasp sting posted by farmer boy on September 02, 2008 at 01:43:31:
Onion juice/crushed onion poultice will work in a pinch if "After Bite" is not available.
We keep a bottle of Children's liquid Bubble Gum flavoured Benadryl in the cupboard and another with us when traveling. If somebody takes a sudden unexpected reaction or is stung multiple times. A heavy dose of Benadryl will keep you alive long enough to make it to the hospital.
An estimated 1.24% to 16.8% of the population of the United States is considered "at risk" for having an anaphylactic reaction if they are exposed to one or more allergens, especially penicillin and insect stings. Most of these people successfully avoid their allergens and will never experience anaphylaxis. Of those people who actually experience anaphylaxis, up to 1% may die as a result.[3] Anaphylaxis results in approximately 18 deaths per year in the U.S. (compared to 2.4 million deaths from all causes each year in the U.S.[4]). The most common presentation includes sudden cardiovascular collapse (88% of reported cases of severe anaphylaxis).
Symptoms of anaphylaxis are related to the action of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) and other anaphylatoxins, which act to release histamine and other mediator substances from mast cells (degranulation). In addition to other effects, histamine induces vasodilation of arterioles and constriction of bronchioles in the lungs, also known as bronchospasm (constriction of the airways).
Causes
Anaphylaxis is a severe, whole-body allergic reaction. After an initial exposure ("sensitizing dose") to a substance like bee sting toxin, the person's immune system becomes sensitized to that allergen. On a subsequent exposure ("shocking dose"), an allergic reaction occurs. This reaction is sudden, severe, and involves the whole body.
Hives and angioedema (hives on the lips, eyelids, throat, and/or tongue) often occur. Angioedema may be severe enough to block the airway. Prolonged anaphylaxis can cause heart arrhythmias.
Tissues in different parts of the body release histamine and other substances. This causes constriction of the airways, resulting in wheezing, difficulty breathing, and gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea. Histamine causes the blood vessels to dilate (which lowers blood pressure) and fluid to leak from the bloodstream into the tissues (which lowers the blood volume). These effects result in shock. Fluid can leak into the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs, causing pulmonary edema.
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