To my surprise the EPA isn't the world leader, it follows EU stages years later. I wish we had someone from Europe to confirm or deny what I'm about to post.
Here is a summary list of the standards, when they come into force, what they apply to, and which EU directives provide the definition of the standard.
Euro 1 (1993): For passenger cars - 91/441/EEC [11]. Also for passenger cars and light trucks - 93/59/EEC. Euro 2 (1996) for passenger cars - 94/12/EC (& 96/69/EC) Euro 3 (2000) for any vehicle - 98/69/EC [12] Euro 4 (2005) for any vehicle - 98/69/EC (& 2002/80/EC) Euro 5 (2008/9) and Euro 6 (2014) for light passenger and commercial vehicles
The EU calls theirs stages, we call them Tiers. Notice the EU is now at stage 6. Stage 5 in 2008/9)
VW cheating scandal dates back to 2009. I read where the cheating scandal was labeled by Audi engineers as a noise reduction program, when really it may have been needed to be stage 5 compliant in 2009.
Again, I wish someone from Germany could give us the real low down on VW. I remember we had a YT member, Dave2 I think, that lived in Germany. I think he got the boot.
So it sounds to me the EPA does have an original idea, it plays following the leader, the EU, years after the EU has implemented them? Is our EPA driven by political winds or do global companies like Cummins and Perkins want the US to follow the EU lead? Both executives for Cummins and Perkins said tier 5 is very easy to do.
It surprised me to learn form the original post that ALL diesel engines, including small ones, will need to be Tier 5 compliant. I couldn't find where the EU is doing that.
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