If there is current flowing in a conductor , there is voltage drop.
Example . Way out there at yonder cow shed with lights and beat trace drawing 12 amps which is being supplied with 120V from the transformer . There is voltage drop on both the line and neutral conductors so the heaters and lights maybe receiving 110V.
Line 1 has dropped 5 volts and is 115. VoLTs with relation to earth/ground . The neutral out at yonder shed end has also dropped 5V and is now 5 Volts above true earth potential.
Now Bubba our jackleg electrican who knows more than the electrical engineers , bonds the ground system at yonder shed to the neutral at yonder shed .
Let's say now half the neutral current is now flowing on the neutral system, with 2.5 volts drop. The other half of the neutral current is flowing in the ground system with 2.5 volts drop.
No surprise here as grounding systems are not a solid no resistance electrical connection to "earth". Dry or frozen dirt, too small of a grounding system , broken or high resistance connections are the norm.
Now when Old Bossy at yonder cow shed sticks her nose in the water trough. She takes 2.5Volts through the snout to hooves. Livestock feel 2.5V like we feel a 9V battery across the tongue .
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Today's Featured Article - What Oil Should I Use? - by Francis Robinson. I keep seein this question pop up over and over again in discussion groups all over the web. As with many things there are often several right answers and a few wrong ones. Some purist I'm sure will disagree to no end with what I will tell you but most of us out here in the real world don't really care do we ? Some of them only bring their noses down out of the air long enough to look down them anyway. If you are like me you are only doing this old tractor stuff because you enjoy it. You
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