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Tool Talk Discussion Forum

Need some resistance

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Tim B from MA

04-05-2007 09:49:21




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My older son and I made an electric motor for a science fair a few years ago - just wire wrapped around various pieces of small steel bar, hooked to a 12v car battery, wire for brushes and pieces of copper tubing and wood plug for a commuter.

My younger son and I were playing with it last night, and looking to make it better, or at least safer.

It draws too many amps - or that's what I assume as the 18ga wire gets hot quickly, and the battery gets drawn down quickly.

Can I put a resistor of some kind in the circuit to cut down on amperage? Would that cut down the strength of the electric fields?

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Tim B from MA

04-06-2007 09:36:31




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 Re: Need some resistance in reply to Tim B from MA, 04-05-2007 09:49:21  
Thanks for the replies guys. When my older son and I made this a few years ago, I had in my mind that we used uninsullated wire when I did this in Elec. shop in HS - we got a nice roll of 22 ot 24 ga. (should have checked with you guys first!) - of course it did not work out too well, so the 18 ga insullated was a "quick fix" fall back. That's what we had around.

The motor works nicely when we have the commuter (is that the right term?) is put together right - if we were to spend much time on an upgrade, a more reliable commuter and brushes (with less friction) would be the first task.

Thanks again.
Tim

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MarkB_MI

04-06-2007 06:32:16




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 Re: Need some resistance in reply to Tim B from MA, 04-05-2007 09:49:21  
Basically you're putting a dead short across that battery. In theory, a motor under no load will draw almost no current, as the spinning motor will generate voltage in opposition to the applied voltage. This is called "back EMF" (electromotive force).

The problem you have is twofold:

1. Using 18 gauge wire, you don't have enough turns in the winding to generate significant back EMF at low speed.

2. The motor doesn't generate very much torque due again to the small number of windings. Without any sort of bearings, there's just too much friction for the motor to spin up to speed with the low torque it generates.

Your best bet is to rewind it with a smaller gauge wire so you can get more windings. More windings equals more torque and more back EMF.

It's good to see that some folks still build stuff like this with their kids. Good luck.

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Joe(TX)

04-06-2007 05:42:39




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 Re: Need some resistance in reply to Tim B from MA, 04-05-2007 09:49:21  
You might try smaller wire like 22 ga, and use a lot longer length. I assume the wire is insulated.
Electric motors and coils have a lot of wire.



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dave guest

04-05-2007 19:21:40




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 Re: Need some resistance in reply to Tim B from MA, 04-05-2007 09:49:21  
Probably get it to work on smller battery. Lower voltage=lower current. Like 6volt or 1.5 if you can find one.



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RayP(MI)

04-05-2007 18:19:56




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 Re: Need some resistance in reply to Tim B from MA, 04-05-2007 09:49:21  
One or two automotive bulbs may provide enough resistance to do what you need. Just wire them in series with motor. I keep a couple sealed beam headlights (with burned out low beams) for just such test purposes when expeimenting with some of the strange things I come up with!



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Coloken

04-05-2007 17:33:41




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 Re: Need some resistance in reply to Tim B from MA, 04-05-2007 09:49:21  
Don't know the size needed, but first thing comes to mind is the resistor used to run a 6 volt coil on 12 volts. I once had a resistor that was adjustable that was made to go in an electric brake circuit to adjust them. Might all so try regular light bulbs-----



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John T

04-05-2007 10:28:20




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 Re: Need some resistance in reply to Tim B from MA, 04-05-2007 09:49:21  
Tim, the answers are YES and YES

TES Sure you can add series resistance which will lower the amperage through the combined series (motor and resistor) circuit

YES the lower curent will produce less magnetic field strength in the motor

BUTTTTT TTTTT youre gonna be wasting energy in the form of heat dissipation in the resistor versus in the energy of a magnetic field which is what makes the motor turn remember!!!!! !!!

If you wanted to draw less current Id make up more resistacne by more turns of wire where you can good from it in the form of the magnetic field it genetrates versus pure resistive heat losses in an external resistor.

HOWEVER Since this is just a hobby motor and as long as it turns is all that matters, of course just add series resistance UP TO THE POINT WHERE CURRENT IS LIMITED BUT SHE STill has sufficient magnetic field strength to make her turn yayyyyy yyyyy

John T

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IH2444

04-05-2007 09:57:45




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 Re: Need some resistance in reply to Tim B from MA, 04-05-2007 09:49:21  
yes it would cut done on the magnetic field strength. Resistance would reduce current and filed strength is related to current.
You need many more turns of wire on the motor.



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