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dial indicator (dead horse here)

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Dennis Minn

12-11-2003 23:35:04




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I am writing a fresh message in hope I can follow the responses from a previous thread from Wayne regarding ring and pinion gear setups and the positioning of the dial indicator and it's effect/ non-effect it would have on the indications. Please disregard if you find the continuation an irritation.

Wayne, once again, I am asking respectfully to continue trying to help. My problem is that I have set up a lot of the ring and pinions, and it seems frightening that I can't follow what you're telling me. I see the ring as a large wheel, the fixed amount of rotation of that wheel (arc) is restricted by tooth/teeth clearance. The arc that is measured is directly dependent on how far from the axis centerline the measure is made(circumference= 2*pi*r). I am saying that if the dial indicator measuring that arc was placed further from the ring gears rotational axis, the greater the reading for the same amount of ring gear movement. The radius is greater further from ring gear axis, period. I have read your examples, but hear me out, if the outer edge of a ring gear were to move a gross quarter inch, and the dead center( rotational axis) wouldn't move at all, right? There has to be less and less movement (arc) as we move towards the ring gear axis for the same ring gear movement? Following that thought, as we move further and further out, the movement(arc) becomes greater. With that kind of thinking, I am saying that the measurement made at the ring's tooth edge closer to axis will differ from if it was taken from the tooth edge further out from center axis. I have tried thinking in hyphoid ring/pinion/helical/straight cuts and keep coming at the same conclusion. Here's a suggestion, I'll e-mail Richmond gear manufacturer and throw it at 'em? Let them folks give the old say-so eh?

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Wayne

12-12-2003 18:31:14




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 Re: dial indicator (dead horse here) in reply to Dennis Minn, 12-11-2003 23:35:04  
Hey again Dennis, read my first post here before you read this. I'm enjoying the discussion, but I am a little frustrated because I'm running out of explinations for something I know for a fact is right. If you want to continue beyond this please, e-mail at---- [email protected] where I can draw things out and help explain what I'm saying. Beyond, that like I said, I'm pretty well tapped out. I did think of this thing in the shower 'while ago, so I will leave you with one final gasp here. Dennis, or any of you, going by the last post, do you agree that the surfaces of gear teeth have to be parallel to mesh correctly? Ok, if you go about checking a clearance by the length of the arc then theoretically no gearset, of any type, can be set up..... . In a worm gear setup, the worm wheel gear has U shaped, so it's smaller in the middle than it is on the outside. So if you had to set a .010 clearance between it and the actual worm gear then it would be impossible. When you rotated the wheel to check clearance the different arc lengths from the middle to the outside of the wheel would always make hit on the bottom/middle if the tooth before it did on the top/outside of the tooth. This would always limit tooth contact to the very bottom of the tooth on the worm wheel. Going by length of arc in relation to distance from the CL the outside clearance would always have to stay ahead of(greater than) the inside/middle clearance. So even though it would never be able to touch and wear as the ID clearance got greater the OD would just have to wear and stay larger by default somehow. We all know that's impossible..... Now, take a regular straight tooth doubled gear with a 3'(A) gear and a 6' (B)gear attached(welded or machined) together, both with an identical tooth pitch and turning together on a common shaft/CL...With me?? To set lash in this case it's very easy to see lash is gonna be a direct measurement of the degree the gear can turn before it contacts it's mating tooth on the other gear, Right??? Now the 3'(A) part turns a matching 6'(C) gear and the (B) part turns a matching 3'(D)gear. Now both C&D turn around the same shaft, so the only way to set lash on both gear sets is to raise or lower both C&D together into or out of mesh with A&B, Right?? Because they both have the same pitch tooth, and the diameters are matched together, both pairs A&C and B&D should be meshed at the same time, in an identical fashion, Right?? Ok,think about this suppose both gear sets A&C and B&D were meshed tight with 0 clearance, you would need to raise the top shaft (C&D) to bring the teeth of both sets out of mesh to get the proper clearance/lash of .010, Right, following me??? Ok, now raise C&D to where you get .010 between the teeth of the A&C gears...OK, still following me?? Now, by virtue of the B gear having a larger diameter (a greater arc length) and therefore meshing further from the center line than A you should now have alot more clearance between B&D than you do between A&C....Right??? Wrong, you don't. You and I both know this can't and doesn't happen, because what you really get is the same clearance between A&C as you get between B&D. Through out this whole discussion the same principle applies. It all has to do with attached circles of different diameters causing things to equal out in relation to the measurement of a given length of arc for a given degree of movement. Like I've said I don't know how to explain things any better than I have or if they can actually be explained. I just know from experience that what I'm saying is true and does work in practice. Take care all of you who have been in on this. Don't blow out any brain cells thinking on this too hard, just accept it and try it next time for your own proof. Keep my e-mail address and let me know how it goes, or better yet post your results.
---- Wayne

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Wayne

12-12-2003 16:25:54




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 Re: dial indicator (dead horse here) in reply to Dennis Minn, 12-11-2003 23:35:04  
Hey Dennis, I don't mind discussing this, I enjoy a good discussion, but it seems like no matter how I explain it nobody (not meaning just you..) seems to understand it. True if you were to set the dial up in the exact center of the ring gear and let it stick out 6" and then 8" and measure to a fixed degree of arc then it would be further at 8" than at 6" I haven't disputed that yet. However, although this may seem like what is being measured, in reality it is, and it isn't all at the same time. I tried in the last post to explain it in an even easier way than I have before, but let me try again like this. First, knock the whole circular way of thinking with arc lengths, etc. out of the picture and think about it is like this. Dealing with high speed turbines and gearsets like you do, and like I did too when I was in the Navy, you know that gear teeth have to be cut where matching faces are parallel to each other otherwise you won't get proper tooth contact, Right????? Ok, when we measure a clearance like this, we are measuring an arc length, I won't dispute that but we are also measuring the clearance between two parallel sufraces. Why the "arc length" part of it doesn't actually matter is all part of the tire/rim theory. Try it and you'll see what I mean.... because of what happens there we can measure the clearance we have independent of "arc lengths" because, again, what is being measured is actually the clearance between two parallel surfaces. Now by definition, for two surfaces to be parallel, they have to be the same distance apart at all times, correct???? So that means if on the OD the teeth are .010 apart, then they are also gonna be .010 apart at the ID, Right??? Otherwise the teeth wouldn't be parallel to each other and wouldn't mesh properly which would cause massive amounts of wear on the "high point" until they seated in and became parallel by default, Right????...Following now??? OK, now if there is .010 of clearance at the OD and ID, which there has to be if the teeth are parallel, then if you set the dial on the OD at 0 and opened the gap as far as it would go then it would read .010...Right?? Same goes if you set the dial on the ID at 0 and opened the clearance, then it would read also read .010....Right??? If the teeth are parallel, which they have to be, then for the ID clearance to be smaller than the OD clearance, then when the OD went back to 0 then the ID would have to become an interferrence fit, or less than 0, which we've already established is isn't and can't be, Right?? By the same reasoning if the ID went to .010 then the OD would have to be greater than the already established clearance of .010, which we've established already that it can't be, Right??. Neither of these things is gonna be possible with two gears that are designed to run in mesh. Like you said, in high speed operation, you have to be dead on everytime or it won't work. If a mfgr. were to cut teeth not parallel and use them in a high speed application, how long do you think they would last???? Ok, that's the last way I know of to explain it, I'm tapped out. Dennis, next time you set one up get two dials and set one on the ID and one on the OD and see if they don't read the same..... For Fred--- I don't want to sound like a smart a$$, but in response we aren't "married" to anything here, this is a simple discussion about a complex theory/problem/or whatever you want to call it. My Grandpa always used to tell me "Every day you don't learn something new is a wasted day". It's this learning new things that makes mechanics, and anybody else for that matter, be confident and not drag their feet when it comes to doing a job. In this example, I have run into gear setups where you couldn't do it exactly like the factory says because I'm in the field and not in some multi million dollar engineering facility. Knowing what I know I can always find another way to do it that's just as acurate and many times alot easier and faster, and I have never had a machine come back to me because of something I screwed up. (Something I can't say about "factory mechanics" which I go behind all the time) I can say this and "toot my own horn" because I am good at what I do, and that is mainly because I;m not afraid to ask questions, and because I never stop learning.

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Paul Janke

12-13-2003 11:26:12




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 Re: Re: dial indicator (dead horse here) in reply to Wayne, 12-12-2003 16:25:54  
If you were using a feeler gauge between teeth instead of a dial indicator measuring backlash, I would say it wouldn't matter where on the teeth it is measured. But the backlash should change depending on the distance from the center of the rotation.



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DaveWis

12-12-2003 18:18:34




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 Re: Re: dial indicator (dead horse here) in reply to Wayne, 12-12-2003 16:25:54  
I'm not trying to butt in on your discussion but, I may be able to help a little. If you look real close at the teeth, they are a little wider at the outer edge. They have to be in order to be parallel which they have to be in order to make contact on the whole face. Also you are not measuring movement of the ring gear in relation to it's axis, you are measuring it's movement in relation to the pinion, completely different. Hope this helps.

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Dennis Minn

12-12-2003 18:27:38




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 Re: Re: Re: dial indicator (dead horse here) in reply to DaveWis, 12-12-2003 18:18:34  
Dave: I absolutely like the simple answer you provided. I can only ask a question for you, if I applied some grease at the toe of the gear, would the dye migrate from toe to heel? I think so, and that's why I am saying there MAY exist the slightest amount of non-parallel tooth contact(on purpose), but I am way past my level of knowledge here so I am going to the folks that design and build these things before I confuse things even more. Excellent thinking though. Regards, Dennis.

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DaveWis

12-12-2003 18:57:31




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 Re: Re: Re: Re: dial indicator (dead horse here) in reply to Dennis Minn, 12-12-2003 18:27:38  
I don't know but I suspect it would as I agree that the teeth are not perfectly parallel whether by design or because of tolerances. I also think you have a good idea in contacting Richmond.



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Dennis Minn

12-12-2003 18:12:20




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 Re: Re: dial indicator (dead horse here) in reply to Wayne, 12-12-2003 16:25:54  
Wayne: Got a thought for you. If all the teeth were parallel to each other then i see whatyou were trying to say. I suggest that the teeth are not parallel, now I can't prove this, so I am withdrawing from this discussion until I find out more on gear design. I know for a fact that there are multi-cut gears with various face angles, and simple cut gears, but I can't tell you for positive that the gears lost perfect parallel due to heat treat or was by design. I remember a while back that an oil wedge was easier to establish than a flat film, possibly contributing to my random thoughts here. IF, and I capitalize that monster word here, IF the teeth were not parallel, then dial indicator placement would effect readings. IF the teeth were parallel, then I see what you were saying. I think that the statement of parallel teeth needs to be determined, and we both may turn out with merit to our words. I am going to contact a gear-cutting factory in Northern Minnesota and see what their design engineers determine. I know they used to make John Deere and some military (tank) gears, so they should suffice. If I find out any answers,I will definitely post a message here titled dial indicator something. By the way, I am asking my younger brother for my applied physics book to address the sliding wheel-in-a-wheel deal. I promise to return with whatever answers I get, embarassing or not. Regards, Dennis.

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MarkB

12-12-2003 17:16:43




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 Re: Re: dial indicator (dead horse here) in reply to Wayne, 12-12-2003 16:25:54  
Wayne,

Dennis is right.

It doesn't matter one iota what the teeth look like. The ring gear can only rotate around its axis, it has no way to move laterally. How much movement the dial indicator shows is a function of where on the gear you place the indicator tip, and (probably even more so) at what angle the indicator is to the gear.

The fact is that ring gear backlash is not a very accurate measurement, so it just isn't that critical where you put the indicator. All you're doing is making sure that there is some backlash, but no more than necessary. If the backlash was critical, then we would have to use something a lot more precise than a dial indicator to set it up.

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Ty

12-12-2003 18:42:04




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 Re: Re: Re: dial indicator (dead horse here) in reply to MarkB, 12-12-2003 17:16:43  
MarkB, Dial indicators are very accurate (If you have a good one). We install machinery in factories and use them all the time. We have lined up printing presses with dial indicators that are 150 feet long and can only be out .002 inch in 150 feet.



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Fred OH

12-12-2003 10:47:52




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 Re: dial indicator (dead horse here) in reply to Dennis Minn, 12-11-2003 23:35:04  
Well, I hope you don't mind a few other responses...after all you posted on a public forum. Personally, I think you're making a mountain out of a mole hill. Set the indicator at the outer edge of the teeth and set the required clearance, bolt it down and install it as thousands of other mechanics have done in the past. There is one golden rule of mechanics that seems to have gotten lost in the shuffle, I will repeat it for you..."thou shall not marry a job!" Lack of confidence and fear of the unknown will make a fellow drag his feet...but you have a ring gear on your finger!!! As my 'ol pappy would have told me "don't worry about the mule goin blind...just load the wagon! I hope the sharp criticism doesn't harm your feelings, it was meant to get the job done. Fred OH

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Dennis Minn

12-12-2003 12:32:16




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 Re: Re: dial indicator (dead horse here) in reply to Fred OH, 12-12-2003 10:47:52  
Fred: No harm done. Takes a whole lot more to get me outta shape. I will say that the slow rotational speeds dealt with on cars/trucks/tractors readily allow greater forgiveness, try 10,000 rpm plus and you better be on the mark, first time every time. Regards, Dennis.



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Allan

12-12-2003 05:45:12




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 Re: dial indicator (dead horse here) in reply to Dennis Minn, 12-11-2003 23:35:04  
Dennis,

I don't know how you do it, but I've always measured at the outermost edge of the ring gear.

It has worked for me, anyway. However, other views will say to measure from the exact center of tooth contact.

Be that as it may, I don't think there is going to be a huge difference in the backlash readings from center or from either extreme end of the tooth. Dunno.

Allan



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Dennis Minn

12-12-2003 09:21:53




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 Re: Re: dial indicator (dead horse here) in reply to Allan, 12-12-2003 05:45:12  
Allan, I agree with you, but there is a measureable difference in readings when working on very large scale gears, like on single turbine reduction sets measuring feet in diamter versus a few inches. Regards, Dennis.

PS. I have used outer edge myself.



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