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Hi: All the Kelloggs I have worked on have been pretty straight forward machines. Maybe someone has plumbed it in wrong or has a pipe screwed into the intake for a remote air filter. It may be a two stage machine which could be confusing you somewhat. The first (larger) cylinder, takes in atmospheric air and pumps it through an interstage tube (the finned one behined the flywheel) into the second (smaller) cylinder. Most Kelloggs have their air filters on top of the head or at the rear opposite end to the flywheel. Which model is it? (352, 452, 462, 123, 335, 340 ??) If it has a tag that says American Brake Shoe Company, it is very old. They have been owned by CompAir for many years. Be careful when dissassembling or reassembling Kelloggs. For some reason, the cast iron they are built with strips its threads like it's made out of cheese. This is especially critical if the back of the crankcase is split so the crank and rods can be inserted through the back as an assembled unit (most smaller Kelloggs are like this). They are very prone to breaking here and are scrap if they are, unless you can weld it up and re-tap it (not cheap). They have a centrally mounted oiler ring on the crankshaft (like a real DeVilbiss) so be very careful when removing it so you dont bend it. It has to be gently twisted sideways and lifted out of its retainer which is cast into the bottom of the crankcase. The crankshaft rides on tapered roller bearings and must be shimmed for proper end play when being assembled. Many, if not all Kelloggs use needle bearings on the high pressure wrist pin and so avoid the common problem of worn bushings, pins and pistons common to many brands of compressors. Make sure the little brass blow down valve on the back of the case is working if it has one. Make sure you put in a 60 psi safety valve in the interstage. This will blow if you have valve trouble. If the valves clamp into the head with a retainer, make sure you torque the bolts down evenly so you don't break the retainers.
Kelloggs are long lived, excellent, durable machines. Don't use motor oil in it. You can probably buy a rebuild kit for it from any compressor shop, who will probably have to order it in from ICC out of New York (aftermarket parts).
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