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My Dad and I used something like this method to save a 75 year old barn on our property, back when I was growing up. The barn was built with a heavy sill beam set on cedar posts. The cedar posts had rotted out, and we jacked up the sill beam, dug holes and filled them with concrete. This failed miserably due to frost jacking of the conical unformed footings. When we did it over again 5 years later, we used the cardboard Sonotubes along the lines you propose. This worked really well, because the heaving of the ground could not get a purchase on the cylindrical footings. Your proposed application will work fine for gravity loads, but obviates one of the main benefits of pole construction. Namely, an embedded pole resists lateral forces pressing sideways as well as gravity loads pressing down. By bolting the post to the concrete footing, you create a hinge joint that is unable to provide moment transfer to the concrete post sunk in the ground. You will have to provide some alternative lateral bracing system, such as diagonal bracing or plywood sheathed walls, or your barn will fold up like a house of cards in the first strong wind.
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