II. API Class The American Petroleum Institute (API) developed a classification system to identify oils formulated to meet the operating requirements of various engines. The API system has two general categories: S-series and C-series.The S-series service classification emphasizes oil properties critical to gasoline or propane fueled engines. If an oil passes a series of tests in specific engines (API Sequence tests), the oil can be sold bearing the applicable API service classification. There are ten S-series classifications: SA, SB, SC, SD, SE, SF, SG, SH, SJ, and SL The S-series classifications progress alphabetically as the level of lubricant performance increases. Each classification replaces those before it, with SL currently offering the most protection. SL oil may be used in any engine, unless the engine manufacturer specifies a "non-detergent" oil. SA and SB are nondetergent oils and are not recommended for use unless specified. SC oils were required for new car warranties from 1964 to 1967. SD oils were required from 1968 to 1970 and a few in 1971. Some new car warranties required SE oils in 1971 and its use continued through 1979. New car warranties from 1980 to 1989 require SF oils. New car warranties from 1990 to 1993 require SG oils. New car warranties beginning with the 1994 model year require oils with an API SH performance rating. New car warranties beginning with 1997 require an API SJ oil. The year 2001 brought the introduction of SL oils. SL oils are designed to increase fuel economy, reduce emissions and protect hot, hard-working engines over the course of a very long warranty period. C-series classifications deal with diesel engines. There are eight classifications: CA, CB, CC, CD, CD-II, CE, CF-4 and CG-4. CH-4, CA, CB, CC and CD performance rated oils are no longer used in diesel engines. However, oils used in turbocharged gasoline engines retain CF as part of their performance designation: SH, CF. Unlike S-series classifications, C-series classifications do not supersede one another. The current classifications, CF, CF-2 and CH-4, are specified for various applications. CF for Indirect Injected Diesel Engine Service. Service Category CF denotes service typical of indirect injected diesel engines and other diesel engines which use a broad range of diesel fuels in off-road applications, including diesel fuel with greater than 0.5 percent sulfur by weight. CF oils may be used in place of CD oils. CF-2 for Two-Stroke Diesel Engine Service. Service Category CF-2 denotes service typical of two-stroke engines requiring highly effective control over cylinder and ring-face scuffing and deposits. CF- 2 oils may be used in engines for which CD-II oils are recommended. CH-4 for Severe Duty Diesel Engine Service. Service Category CG-4 denotes service typical of high speed four-stroke diesel engines used in heavy-duty on- and off-highway applications. CH-4 oils are especially effective in engines designed to meet 1998 exhaust emission standards. CH-4 oils may be used in place of CD, CE, CF-4 and CG-4 oils. The SAE and API classification systems are intended to help motorists choose the right oil for their needs. The choice depends on the engine, the outdoor temperature and the type of driving the motorist does most. Most motorists are more familiar with the SAE Viscosity Grade system than they are with the API Class system. SJ is the current API class. SJ oils are widely available and most gasoline engine automobiles either specify SJ oil or, if they were manufactured before the SJ class was created, may use SJ oil. However, one should be sure to purchase SJ class oil for the best engine protection available. Of course, motorists should follow the oil specification of their vehicle owner�s manual
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