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JD 3020 fuel injection pump adjustment

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Travis Dickinso

05-31-2003 05:44:34




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JD 3020 1970

How do you adjust the fuel injection pump on this tractor? This tractor has been blowing smoke and burning rich at an idle.




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Lee

05-31-2003 21:08:26




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 Re: JD 3020 fuel injection pump adjustment in reply to Travis Dickinson, 05-31-2003 05:44:34  
Diesels can't burn 'rich' at idle, that's non-sensical. Smoke is from some kind of a problem like a couple of leaky injectors. Could be anything, cracked head, bad head gasket, injector problems, worn out rings, valves. You didn't mention the color of the smoke and is it the same under load?



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G-MAN

06-01-2003 13:04:55




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 Re: Re: JD 3020 fuel injection pump adjustment in reply to Lee, 05-31-2003 21:08:26  
I think a diesel certainly can run rich at idle. Just because diesels don't have manifold vacuum (theoretically) like a gas-burner does, doesn't mean that they don't require the proper fuel/air mixture to run correctly. It's just that the fuel is metered into the cylinder instead of the manifold. The pump injects a specific amount of fuel based on throttle position and RPM, which is calibrated for the airflow into the engine at that RPM. If there is a restriction in airflow to the engine, and you're still getting the same flow of fuel into the cylinder, that cylinder will be running "rich", and will smoke excessively due to the unburned fuel that doesn't have enough air to complete combustion with. Any time you see a diesel smoking black, it's getting more fuel than it has air to burn it with. And since "rich" is defined by excessive fuel in the air-fuel ratio, that qualifies as "rich" to me. And since leaky injectors tend to deliver more fuel than is specified, that would also lead to a rich condition.

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Lee

06-01-2003 22:40:34




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 Re: Re: Re: JD 3020 fuel injection pump adjustment in reply to G-MAN, 06-01-2003 13:04:55  
"If there is a restriction in airflow to the engine" at idle it would be awesome at full throttle - the poster would surely have noticed this and said you can see my tractor running from the next county. All kidding aside, G-man, I agree diesels can run rich and I did forget one other senario which might cause it at idle and that would be serious slippage of a timing gear on the pump. If the fuel charge comes in way too late to burn fully you just might see some black smoke at idle after all. For diesels, perhaps black smoke at idle is THE classic 'way too late injection timing' symptom?
I've actually never done it on purpose so I wouldn't know - anybody else?

But I do stand behind the non-sensical remark to diesels burning rich at idle. The idle air charge is always in excess of the fuel required to burn it. Now it might look black as per way off timing, leaky injectors, etc., but if you actually weighed the air and the fuel in the exhaust gases, it would show close to the same super lean ratio that a non-smoking engine would have. Both you and John have some good points and for the most part I agree fully with them. If this turns out to be a birds nest in the intake, wouldn't that qualify as non-sensical?(looking for door as I back up)

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John de Marrais

06-01-2003 15:40:18




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 Re: Re: Re: JD 3020 fuel injection pump adjustment in reply to G-MAN, 06-01-2003 13:04:55  
I agree with the last comment, that yes a diesel can run rich. I used to turn up the fuel delivery for farmers because some weren't happy with their tractors unless they made a good stream of black smoke when working. That's unburned fuel, i.e. running rich. But, to add to this, a diesel that's out of time will not burn fuel efficiently, so in effect, can run "rich" when the timing is retarded. I've seen many tractors that sputtered and smoked, especially at idle until the static timing was advanced a few degrees - and then cleared right up. In regard to the idea of excessive fuel entering cylinders due to faulty injectors; I've never understood that concept. I've got some experience with rebuilding Roosa Master and CAV pumps, and considering that there is a preset fuel charge for each cylinder, completely controlled by the pump, I can't see how any more, or less fuel will enter a cylinder - with either a perfect injector, or an open line with no injector. A good injector will fire with a shorter duration and break the fuel into minute particles which aids combustion, but I believe that's about it. It also will only allow fuel that exceeds the crack-pressure, e.g. 2500 p.s.i., so perhaps a bad injector might pass a little extra fuel that is low pressure, but it would be a small amount. I've pulled injectors out of engines that were so bad they did little more than a water pistol would, yet the engines ran fairly well.

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John de Marrais

05-31-2003 13:05:54




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 Re: JD 3020 fuel injection pump adjustment in reply to Travis Dickinson, 05-31-2003 05:44:34  
As others have already stated, there are many things OTHER than the injection pump that can cause the problems. Also, you didn't mention which pump you have; a Roosa Master CB or a DB/JDB. A CB is small and round while the DB/JDB is longer with a retangular cover held on by three bolts. Also, the DB/JDB has an inspection window for checking the fuel-advance timimg. Anyway, with either pump, you might try advancing the static timing and see if it helps. You do this by loosening the mounting bolts or nuts, and rotate the pump a little bit against the direction it rotates. Also . . . and this relates only to the larger DB/JDB pump - there are a couple of plastic and rubber parts inside the pump that are prone to failure and can cause the problem. One . . . that is serviceable without removing the pump is the housing fuel-pressure regualtor. If it fails, the pump advance goes haywire. Basically it works like this . . . Where the fuel from the transfer-pump enters the injection pump there is a second low-pressure fuel pump that is part of the injection pump. It is supposed to work as thus. As engine speed increases the fuel pressure increases which, in turn, advances the time of injection. The regulator is a simple device but the original designs fail. Is was just a rubber plug, half the size of a pencil eraser. A cheap repair kit is available and consists of a little steel bushing that is pressed in and takes the place of the rubber plug.

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G-MAN

05-31-2003 10:40:31




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 Re: JD 3020 fuel injection pump adjustment in reply to Travis Dickinson, 05-31-2003 05:44:34  
In addition to what has already been suggested, don't automatically assume that any fuel system problem is limited to the pump. If you get to the point of removing the pump, also remove and test the nozzles. I'm betting that you'll find they have low opening-pressures and possibly poor spray patterns. Also check engine compression while they're out. It's easy to assume it's the pump, because it's the big part you can easily see and cast a judging eye on, but I've replaced many times as many sets of nozzles as actual injection pumps. I would also change fuel filters and check the timing, as both of those items can also cause the symptoms you describe.

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Brokenwrench

05-31-2003 09:54:22




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 Re: JD 3020 fuel injection pump adjustment in reply to Travis Dickinson, 05-31-2003 05:44:34  

First make sure the air filter is clean. If it is clean,remove the air intake pipe at the intake and try running the tractor to see if this clears it up.If not remove the hood and check on top of the air cleaner for a precleaner. Its about 10 in. in diameter and 4-5 in tall and mounts to the top of the air filter assembly. Take it off and see if it is clogged, it is not serviceable and must be replaced(about $100.) If it does not have the precleaner, and the air filter is clean, check the injection pump timing, if it is good, the the pump should come off and be rebuilt.

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G Taylor

05-31-2003 05:57:24




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 Re: JD 3020 fuel injection pump adjustment in reply to Travis Dickinson, 05-31-2003 05:44:34  
Smoke at idle is the clue that points to at possible worn injectors, restricted airflow, lube oil consumption and possible low coolant temps. Does it slobber out the stack, what is the coolant temp, cold weather starting and HP on a dyno?



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