Posted by Bill Crowell on February 07, 2014 at 15:17:41 from (216.57.77.99):
In Reply to: OT - wire size posted by David Bean on February 06, 2014 at 18:01:43:
Check a website that tells you the voltage drop using a given size of wire, drawing a given current over a given distance. I think you will find that you need to use larger wire than #10, or even #6, or else you will have excessive voltage drop if you draw any substantial current over a 100-foot run. I used 2-gauge for a 100-foot run to my barn.
The ground line should preferably be a separate wire from your main panel ground to the barn's subpanel ground. If you don't want to run a separate ground wire, then you can use a ground rod at your barn for the ground wire, but this is not nearly as good a ground as one coming from your main panel and will create an undesirable potential difference between the two grounds.
If you run only a 110 circuit, you will likely unbalance the two 110-volt legs of your 220 service going to the main panel, so you'll have lower line voltage on one 110-volt leg in your house than on the other 110-volt leg. It is much better to keep the current draw on both 110-volt legs roughly equal, and you can only do this by running a 220 line and then dividing the 110-volt legs into roughly equal loads when you wire the barn.
Remember that while you only need to run 3 wires (including ground) for a 110 circuit, you need to run 4 wires (2 for the 110 leg hot wires, one for neutral and one for ground) for a 220 run. The latter (4 wires, 220 run, included ground) is the way a good electrician would wire it.
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