Phil is correct. In a closed loop system, after all air is removed, then the system is neutral too pressure other than the internal resistance to the piping and pipe fittings, provided that the the system remains in balance.
Only if the balance(weight) of the fluid in piping changes would you incur a pressure differential between suction and discharge.
On a liquid to liquid heat exchanger, the highest efficiency is obtained on a closed loop system.
On a closed loop system, "any" entrained air with-in the closed loop fluid would be less efficient. This is because liquid retains and transfers more BTU than air does. 2nd) we loose pumping efficiency because air will cause the pump to cavitate thus moving less gpm of desired BTU content and will shorten the pump life span.
The efficiency of a liquid heat exchanger is expressed in BTU/hr of heat transfer for amount of exchanger square feet at a given rate of flow.
Example: We have a liquid/liquid exchanger rated at 25000btu/hr@7gpm@60º∆. If we turn the flow rate upto 10gpm we would still only get approx 25000btu/hr of heat transfer.
I designed a fuel cooling station for rocket fuel using a MaQuay liquid/liquid flat plate heat exchanger that produced 25tons of refrigerating effect with a 8"x8"16" size exchanger. That was a smoking design performance for that era and still may be (very doubtful).
T_Bone<---45yrs ASHREA HVAC&R Design Engineer, Indoor Air Quality Engineer, Energy Management Engineer, AWS-CWI, Retired, Ranked in the top 60 of 150,000 of my peers, designing & troubleshooting multi-million dollar control systems.
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Today's Featured Article - Third Brush Generators - by Chris Pratt. While I love straightening sheet metal, cleaning, and painting old tractors, I use every excuse to avoid working on the on the electrics. I find the whole process sheer mystery. I have picked up and attempted to read every auto and farm electrics book with no improvement in the situation. They all seem to start with a chapter entitled "Theory of Electricity". After a few paragraphs I usually close the book and go back to banging out dents. A good friend and I were recently discussing our tractor electrical systems when he stated "I figure it all comes back to applying Ohms Law". At this point
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