2 things here: Solenoid internal contacts are pitted due to age and don't have enough surface area to conduct the couple hundred amps or so required to start the engine.
Other thing is that the interconnecting wiring has corroded to the point where again, there isn't adequate surface area to carry the required current. I'd take all my high current (battery +&-) circuit wiring contacts apart and clean them up nice and shiny then reinstall nice and tight. Be sure to include the bolt that holds the - terminal to the tractor mainframe. Inspect the crimp on connections on the cables for old age....replace as necessary.
If you do the cables (first) and that doesn't solve the problem, either take your solenoid apart and clean up the contacts or get another....I have taken several solenoids apart and filed (burnished) the terminal contacts and turned the disc over that's attached to the plunger rod. Never did that on the type that mounts on the starter but I may have my first crack at it on my Case-IH that started acting up yesterday....but first I will do the cable thing.
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Today's Featured Article - Talk of the Town: What's The "Stuckest" You've Ever Been? - by Edited by Kim Pratt. Another great discussion from the Tractor Talk Discussion Forum. The discussion started out with the following post: "I was about 14 (part of the problem) when I got stuck. I was disking with a cab equipped IH 966. The window was dirty and I was driving into the evening sun. It was hard to see and it was my first pass down the field. I got the tractor so stuck that the underside of the tractor was resting on the ground. My uncle wanted
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