Re: How to approach the neighbors about new internet???

Posted by docmirror on January 06, 2020 at 12:15:23 from (107.213.165.255):

In Reply to: How to approach the neighbors about new internet??? posted by fastline on January 04, 2020 at 20:31:44:

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Now for some reality. I'm a network eng, and I've been working in the fiber channel field for > 20 years, including the early adoption of something called ESCON, which is a patented IBM protocol and carrier which later turned into FICON with the introduction of optical fiber.

I've been working with dedicated private and public fiber channel switching and delivery since the beginning of fiber. In short, I'm a well-paid expert on fiber channel protocols, and how they are managed.

First, some jargon, and acronyms. For twisted, shielded or unshielded pair, and also for most coax, the metric for speed is measured in MB which equals 1,024,000 BYTES of data, or 8,192,000 Mb or bits of data. This is important in comparing transmission speeds. If a coax user is getting 25MB(most likely not measured in bits), multiply by 8 to get the data rate in bits per second. or 200Mb(bits) which is 1/5 the data rate of 1Gbps(Giga is always capitalized, as it represents a 1x10^9). This is not always true, but almost all copper is rated in Bytes, for 8 bits, and not unitary bits(note the different in caps). Also lets not get crushed by the rounding of 1024 to 1000, although that's important.

Next, when you get down to individual drops, I hate to tell the world, but you are not getting a dedicated 1Gbps into the "internet". You are getting some variable fraction of 1Gbps, depending on aggregated load of a concentrator switch, which is in a building nearby called the CO(central office) where the aggregation occurs. In most cases, there are up to 400:1 ratio of concentration to backend port tie line into a much larger distribution system. It's much more complicated than I want to get into, but the fact is, as fast as the network to each drop, it is not dedicated 1Gbps (Gigabit per second).

Types/classes of traffic: Not all internet traffic is created equal. Some feeds, and nowadays, all feeds get header metadata which identifies traffic, and applies a priority marker. For voice(VOIP), this has one of the highest priorities, because human speech is bi-directional, and is also hard to manage. We don't like it when our speech is chopped up and drops out, so frame and exchange priority of VOIP is very high. Next is video, and streaming audio, and then on down the line. FTP(file transfer) protocol gets the lower priority as it can be chopped up, and the protocol puts plenty of buffering time in so that it can fill low use bandwidth.

Frontend or user traffic: When the data traffic leaves the CO switch(aggregator) and is sent to the individual port, it is relatively seamless. Yes, there are starts and stops, but for the most part, those starts and stops are so fast that humans don't really notice. sometimes if one is on a popular http site, and there is embedded video one will see that video delay for a bit, this is due to buffering within the webpage, and the video snip doesn't carry the same priority as streaming TV, music. It is a lower class of service.

Backend Traffic: This is traffic that is being piped on a very fast set of fibers(trunked portgroups) to an even larger entry into the internet. The protocols are completely different, and bandwidth back there are in the range of 16-64Gb(Gigabit, fiber standard), and sometimes higher for heavy traffic loads. These switches optimize their carrier by using a timing protocol called Dense Wave Division Multiplexing. The last word is the only one that is important to know. For those switches speaking to each other along the backbone of the internet connection, there is no 'down time' on the pipe. It multiplexes by time slice many different data streams to maximize the utility of the connection. This is very fast, very efficient, and very important to maintain. There are often multiple independent links or drops between multiple different switches or nodes between ISPs, and they all have agreements in place to maintain very high up-times.

This fount of multiplexed signals is where the traffic for your streaming internet can go haywire. I have been on fiber channel for months now, and I have noticed some freezing, or latency when watching shows in the prime time viewing hours when everyone on the same switch is doing the same thing as I am. There is a certain amount of buffering done at the router in the home, but if the rest of the data stream doesn't arrive before the buffer is depleted, all it can do is wait for the buffers to be filled up again.

Now the bad news. It's going to get worse. When a new fiber switch is put in, it might only serve 30 or 50 or 200 users. By the time is is fully subscribed, each drop might be sharing the same switch with up to 400 users in highly dense communities. We're working hard to facilitate full demand, for full utility for all users all the time, but the fact is, that since not everyone is getting dedicated 1Gbps to their house ALL THE TIME, there will be drop outs, and some freezes moving forward.

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