With an indicator light, one side is powered when the ignition switch is "on" and the other goes to the alternator #1 terminal.
When the engine is running and the alternator is charging, the voltage at each terminal of the lamp is nearly equal, so the light does not.
After cranking ends, the solenoid terminal is at chassis ground potential.
If you were to connect the alternator's #1 (excite)terminal which is at battery voltage terminal to the starter solenoid coil, one of two things would happen, Either the starter solenoid would "pull in" or if the alternator's diode trio and circuit tracings in the voltage regulator can't handle the necessary current, $$$smoke will be let out.
Neither having the starer engage with the engine running, or burning out the diode trio and/or the voltage regulator sound to me like a good plan!
But try it, if you must!
Also, you wrote "The resistance in the coil would accomplish the same thing as the filament in the bulb, or am I missing something?"
The resistance of an indicator lamp is HUGELY greater than that of a solenoid coil, and they current they draw is just the opposite.
A properly connected indicator lamp draws a small current and lights when the engine is NOT running.
Connected as you propose, the solenoid coil would draw a relatively LARGE current once then engine starts and the alternator "excites".
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