Sounds like you MAY have blown the small jumper wire to chassis ground at the midpoint of the series-connected 12 Volt batteries.
This (oddball) to most system really isn't that tough to troubleshoot or repair if you read up on it and DON'T listen to statements like "The starter was the only thing that saw 24 volt power. ", or "If you have your batteries hooked in series they are not wired correctly." or " My understanding of the fuse is that it will protect the lights from blowing from the 24volt load in case of a short?" you'll get it fixed!
The main difference between the early and late diagrams is that the early system used the cast iron chassis as the common/crossover connection between the series-connected 12 Volt batteries, and the later system used an actual battery cable to join the two series-connected 12 Volt batteries, with a jumper wire or fused jumper wire joining the midpoint of the series-connected batteries to chassis "ground".
From the point of view of the starter, generator, and voltage regulator it's a 24 Volt system created by connection two 12 Volt batteries in series.
From the point of view of the fuel gauge and lights, half of the load is fed from what's effectively a (+) grounded 12 Volt system, and half from a (-) grounded 12 Volt system.
Pay attention here...
The large stud (highest up) on the stater solenoid should read (-) 12 Volts (nominal) with respect to the chassis.
Stud on the engine block side of the starter belly" should read (+) 12 Volts (nominal).
The "BATT" terminal on the voltage regulator (blue wire) (-) 12 Volts to chassis, and the A2 terminal (brown wire) at the generator (+) Volts.
If you want help, check the voltages at those points and post back.
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