For that, you'd have to ask the folks that initiated the standards to begin with. As mentioned in the other thread, when I first got into construction, the primary measurements were 1.75" x 3.75" for 2x4. I suppose to stop the confusion and bickering, they finally took all things into account and made the standard as 1.5" x 3.5" for 2x4's, knowing that some sawmills would be able to cut smaller than 2x4 rough due to the thin kerf of band mills. I haven't looked at any of this in decades, but last I saw, there was nothing stating that the boards had to be exactly 1.5" x 3.5", and I'm betting there still isn't. Meaning, if you get a board that is 1.75" x 3.75", that it would still be considered OK. Again, I don't know. Has been over 20 years since I learned this stuff.
Just as building code is "minimum acceptable standard", dimensioned lumber sizes are also (again, to the best of my outdated knowledge) "minimum acceptable standard". In other words, you can have lumber measuring somewhat greater than 1.5" or 3.5" (for 2x4), but not less than. Anything less would be too weak for properly getting an acceptable strength rating. Full 2" x 4" would be considered rough cut, and would almost certainly have no way of getting graded for or as construction-grade (referring to the Amish here).
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