There are some details to consider being its a retaining wall and it may serve as a loading dock.
Cinder block is a term that many use to refer to a common material known as concrete masonry units, (CMU) or concrete block.
To dowel into the existing footing you need to drill oversize holes at an appropriate depth, then epoxy the rebar, (deformed metal bar/rebar) into the footing. There is a bagged material you can use and is commonly available. You can set your first course so you have the layout, like Larry said. #4 bar is most common in masonry. Clean that footing off well so the mortar bed achieves a good bond. I like to moisten the area before placing the mortar, so the footing, slab, or what have you does not dry out the mortar to rapidly. With all cementitious materials including concrete a slow hydration/cure process is always best.
Below is a link to a supplier of masonry accessories. You can reinforce same with ladder mesh every course, look at the products, they cover everything you could ever need in masonry construction or just about.
CMU comes in various compressive strengths, with up to 75% filled cells, which is high strength CMU upwards to 5000 PSI. The MFR can certify this.
You can reinforce and completely fill the cells and make a substantial wall if you like, given it could be a loading dock, I would do so myself if using CMU construction. The grout you use to fill the cells should be 3000 psi or better or match the CMU compressive strength, but just filling the cells with decent material will strengthen it significantly. That and the vertical bars, every cell, every other or depending on what you want in strength. Its commonly set at wider spacing, but every wall is different.
Retaining walls need to be tied back into the backfill or what is behind it. You also need to have drainage, say just over the top of the footing. Weep holes, pipe, the below site has smaller weep materials for masonry.
Straight up sand may not achieve good compaction under the slab, its all one sieve size, so a good crusher run or bank run gravel, or what have you, with optimum moisture and composite sieve size aggregate will compact properly. Gravel will also drain well too, just like sand.
This sounds like something I would want to form and use cast in place concrete, not CMU, but if you do decide on CMU, make it strong, or you will be disappointed after all the hard work.
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