Typically, early in the design phase a "trade study" would be done. Companys have different names for it, but it is simply a comparison of the features for each type of engine relative to the application being considered. For example, a V type engine will be shorter than an inline engine with an equal number of cylinders. Therefore, the size of the engine compartment may favor one type over another. If a company has a factory tooled to produce V engines and no tooling for inline engine then the V type would be cheaper for them.
To your question: which is best for power, reliability and efficiency? These factors are not determined by engine configuration (V type or Inline) but by engine design; material selection, combustion chamber design, cam timing, port sizing, tubo, etc. In other words, given the same engine design the power, reliability and efficiency would be the same whether packaged in a V configuration or as an inline.
Note: The stroke does not determine engine torque! Torque is a function of cylinder pressure. Cylinder pressure is a function of the engine design: cam timing, port sizing, turbo sizing, etc.
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Today's Featured Article - Talk of the Town: The Saga of Grandpa's Tractor - by The following saga is from the Tractor Talk Discussion Forum. Someone. The saga starts with the following message: Hey guys I have a decision to make. I know what you all will probably suggest and it will probably agree with me way down inside, but here it is. I have a picture blown up and framed in my "tractor room" of a Farmall M. It was my Grandpa's tractor, of which whom I never got to meet. He froze to death getting this tractor out of the barn to pull a truck out of the ditch before I was born. Anyway my dad and aunt had to sell it at the auction,
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