You may have more than one piston with a scuff. The easiest way to check is to remove the oil filter, cut it open and check for piston material. It is normal to find some metal but if it is full of metal you have another problem.
Be sure and check the top ring groove in the piston, It has a steel alloy that Cummins had a problem with debonding on engines built during this era. I doubt if this is your problem as it ran this long.
Odds are the engine was operated with low coolant, has a water pump or radiator or thermostat problem. Some engines built during this era had a system called low flow cooling. They had two thermostats. One was normally open and the other was normally closed. The thermostats switched from open to closed and vise versa as the engine warmed up. Engines with the low flow cooling systen used radiator hoses about the size of radiator hoses. Temp drop across the radiatoe while at operating tem was about 30 deg. F.
Engines with traditional cooling systems will have a temp drop of about 10-15 degrees F at operating temp.
If you have to drop the oil pan again I would remove and cleam all of the piston nozzles. Would also remove and flush the oil cooler on the oil side to remove and foreign material.
The bottom line is something caused your piston(s) to scuff and you have to find out what it is. I am assuming your overhead is properly adjusted. If you can't tell I worked at Cummins in Field Service when theses engines were being produced.
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Today's Featured Article - Tuning-Up Your Tractor: Secondary Ignition Wires and Distributor - by Curtis Von Fange. In our last episode we spent the entire day checking out the spark plugs. Is that efficency? Actually, it took more time to explain than it really did to do the inspection. At any rate we decided that a compression test was in order so we could verify the internal engine status. That way we wouldn't buy any tune up parts until we were sure that the engine was in reasonable mechanical condition. Our tests showed a fictional compression reading of 85, 80, 82 and 86 psi. That is well within a
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