'Here' you can go to any coop grain elevator and they will have several types of contract. It can be possibly 2 years into the future, or it can be next month. So yes, well before the crop is in the ground can be done.
In the right (or wrong) market conditions these contracts cost 'someone' a lot of money to hold until they come due. Perhaps your buyer will take care of that, and perhaps you will need to kick in along the way. Look up 'Margin Calls'.
There are many other ways to sell - Price Later, Hedge to Arrive, oddball stuff with a low price set but allows to go higher by delivery time, etc.
The types of futures you see bought & sold on th Chicago Board of Trade are for the Big Boys to play, with big contracts. However, local elevators and local feed buyers will offer these sorts of contracts to individual farmers ona smaller scale.
If you cannot deliver your crop, you need to work it out with whomever you agreed to the contract with. You _did_agree to bring them the grain and ultimately they can hold you to that, but most all the time you can buy your way out of the contract (price difference between 'now' and when the contract was written plus maybe 10 cents extra) or roll the contract into next year for a penalty/handling fee. If you know you can't make your contract, talk to them early! If you give them time to adjust to the shortage of grain, they will be much happier to work with you.
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Today's Featured Article - Choosin, Mounting and Using a Bush Hog Type Mower - by Francis Robinson. Looking around at my new neighbors, most of whom are city raised and have recently acquired their first mini-farms of five to fifteen acres and also from reading questions ask at various discussion sites on the web it is frighteningly apparent that a great many guys (and a few gals) are learning by trial and error and mostly error how to use a very dangerous piece of farm equipment. It is also very apparent that these folks are getting a lot of very poor and often very dangerous advice fro
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