"My question is what does the 3rd brush do and do I need it with a regulator"
The physical location of the third brush regulates the rate of charge. The closer it is to the fixed brush the more charge, the further away the less charge. Some 3 brush are adjustable (can set third brush closer or further away from fixed brush)
Early 3 brush gennys were seen often when a full fledged automatic Voltage Regulator WAS NOT USED but instead only a simple manual Low or High charge selector light switch.
However, in later years they still used some 3 brush gennys even when they went to a full fledged automatic Voltage Regulator. Later they went to 2 brush gennys and full fledged Voltage Regulators.
COMMON PROBLEMS are the brushes are worn down too short,,,,,,,,the fields may be open or shorted out,,,,,,,,,,,,The splice may be open or shorted where the 2 fields connect together,,,,,,,,,the armature may be shorted to case. A physical inspection and an ohm meter can test for much of that while a growler may be necessary for more precise accurate armatures testing.
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Today's Featured Article - George's Fordson Major - by Anthony West (UK). This is a bit of a technical info to add on to the article about George's Major in the "A Towny Goes Plowing" article. George bought his Major from a an implement sale about 18 years ago for £200.00. There is no known history regarding its origins or what service it had done, but the following work was undertaken by Harold alone to bring it up to show standard. From the engine number, it was found that the major was produced late 19
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