From your description I am not convinced you have a fuel problem, at least not detonation. Operating in severe detonation should result in broken ring lands or a hole in the piston dome. Have you significantly increased the compression ratio of this tractor?
An engine that locks up under load and is then free after cooling suggests the pistons have expanded a greater amount than the piston to cylinder wall clearance - thereby locking up. OEM pistons typically have good expansion control and the specified piston/wall clearance has been tested and known to work. Perhaps the clearance measurement was incorrect or if using non-OEM pistons you really don't know what clearance is needed when you work them hard.
To your concern regarding combustion temperatures; lowering the inlet air temperature tracks through the entire combustion process. On a cold day the combustion chamber temperature will be lower simply because the process started at a lower temperature point. If you want to work these old tractors removing or bypassing the exhaust heating of the inlet air will take a significate amount of temperature out of the combustion process and reduces the engine's octane requirement. In addition you get a power increase; approximately 1% HP for each 10 degrees F the inlet air temperature is reduced.
Just my thoughts from your description....perhaps there are other details not provided.
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