The points are just a simple switch that open and close
..turn on and off.. the ignition coil circuit rapidly. Inside
the coil the primary circuit that is connected to the two
terminal posts on the coil which is an ..electromagnet
coil.. is one continuous long insulated wire going
around and around. So when you have power to the
positive terminal and nothing connected to the
negative terminal there is power on both terminals
because as I said it is one continuous wire. That is
what is making the terminal on the side of the
distributor show it has power by the test light. When
the points close and are contacting properly you
..ground out.. that side of the coil which makes the
light go out. Because the negative battery post has a
cable connecting it to the chassis of the tractor and
that is where the test light probe is and the distributor
base mounts to the engine which is mounted to the
tractor chassis. As the points are closed magnetism
builds in the primary electromagnet of the coil. That
coil is right next to the ..secondary coil.. inside the coil
so the primary magnetic field is crossing over into the
secondary coil. The secondary winding connects to
where the spark output of the coil is. Now the points
are pushed open and the primary electromagnet
instantly looses its magnetic field. The electrons in the
secondary field that where being highly excited
suddenly want to find some place to discharge to so
they find the exit of the coil by way of the ..high
tension.. terminal or socket where the coil spark wire
to the distributor cap connects. There are a few more
parts to it like the condenser which is sort of a buffer
to some of the electrons that come out of the coil
during the discharge of the points and helps the
contacts surfaces of the point last longer. Well there
may be a few technical inaccuracies in that explanation
but close enough. I will attach some info on ignition
systems by the International Harvester company. The
first 10 pages explain what I just told you in proper
detail in what I feel is very simple terminology.
BTW the name ..points.. is kind of a slang term that
has been use for years. If you looked at my example
set of points I linked the proper name is ..contact set..
so the ..point.. of contact somehow turned into points.
Another thing you asked how to tell when points need
replaced I sort of mentioned why in my lengthy post at
the point where I mention the example points. Put
another way if the round contact surfaces have an
extreme electrical arc burned appearance or pitting
they should be replaced just so you know you have a
good working part of the ignition system that is
performing the task of giving the motor strong and
consistent spark. Another rough comparison for
replacement is the contacts start out somewhere
around the thickness of a dime to a penny. If either
contact is wore down to half the thickness of a dime
this is the point when the reliability of the points really
goes down hill fast. If you replace them I looked up the
proper spec of the point gap and for your tractor it is
0.20 inches, that is measured when the lobe on the
cam in the distributor is opening the points the
farthest it can. The info I attached also has some more info on good and bad point condition. One last thing, I think I did not specify
what you were supposed to block off when you pulled
the intake hose off the carb. The opening on the carb
was supposed to be completely held shut by your hand over it. Then the engine turned
over to check for a good suction. Also this should pull
a fair amount of gas in the carb through the fuel
circuits. So if gas drips out of the carb you know gas is
available through at least some of the carb fuel circuits to mix into the intake air stream. Another
thing while you have that hose off operate the choke
and make sure it fully closes when you pull the knob. In
the attached info just click the lower line that says HTML file,
that will open the whole document. The others are just
individual pages. Good luck.
Ignition explanation info