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What's the difference between Ford 5610 and 5600? Ed Will

The 5610 was the new model that replaced the 5600, the 5600 model replaced the 5000....
It had some changes to the pistons and injection pressures, that made the 5610 series combustion more efficient, but the more violent combustion had the byproduct of creating subsonic sound waves that end up causing a new phenomenon called cavitation. So the 10 series and newer engines required you to keep up with the antifreeze package, and more important a special additive that broke up the surface tension of the water molecules. This additive was used by most other diesel engines at the time and will keep the cavitation from drilling pin holes into the sleeves/cylinder walls.. The 10 series also feature some increased hydraulic flow, higher power steering pressure, smaller steering wheel, and closed center hydraulics. The 5610 or 10 series also had a bump on the front nose that gave it a distinctive look on the all purpose models. the exhausts were move forward to meet the euro noise requirements. Early cab models shared the q cab with the 5600, while the very late models got the "super q" cab that was extremely quiet. Other than that, both models share a fair amount of parts.

Others will chime in about other improvements.