White/Hercule 478 fuel consumption

Ken Macfarlane

Well-known Member
Almost the same engine, the 465's the military used based on the 478 block have fairly low brake specific fuel consumption, on paper on par with most average diesels, less than some indirect injection model and given the compromises for timing to allow multi-fuel use and low turbo boost its pretty respectable.

The agricultural motor on diesel only at first glance should do better, no dished fuel cup in the pistons, timing can be a bit more advanced, conventional injectors etc.

But instead they have a reputation as a huge fuel hog. I'm not sure this is warranted or simply the 2-135 / 2-155 are just big and heavy and can generate big drawbar hp therefore burn lots of fuel. There is nothing obvious about the engine itself that would cause it to burn an abnormal amount of fuel. At high rpm long stroke engines have higher piston speeds/friction loss but not a huge amount.

The one constant item I see referenced is huge torque reserve, this is related to the injection pump set up which is obviously different than the military motors. Huge torque reserve in my mind translates into the pump doesn't torque trim / defuel much as rpm drops.

Has anyone ever messed around with the pumps on their hercules to improve the economy while giving up some of that torque reserve?
 
I can say that it isn't the tractor since a White 140/145 is very fuel efficient. According to the Nebraska tests, a 140/145 will save 1-1.5 gallons per hour compared to a 2-135.

If my memory serves me right, a 100 series tractor has a smaller radiator than a 2-135. So that can help tell you where some of the energy is going (heat rejection).
 
The deep MAN cup type pistons were in the neighbor's 2-155 when I overhauled it, #6 was scored really bad from overheating. We found NOS military sleeve assemblies to repair it along with NOS crank bearings too. The tractor had 1979 on the original bearings and 1972 was on the NOS ones put in. Will probably drive someone crazy when it gets overhauled the next time...
 
From an old yt post, tractor 17:1 compression. Multifuel 22:1 compression.

That explains part of the difference in efficiency right there.
 
The pistons in the older multifuel engines are different than the diesel version. Yes they will have the cup in them. There are a lot of specs different in the multifuel military engine when compared to the ones in an Oliver or White tractor. I did a class one time for a certain states National Guard rebuild shop and Hercules send me the different specifications at that time.
 
My White 2-135 uses 4 to 6 gallons per hour depending on what you are doing. After I get done working on tractors that are not mine in my shop, I run them a few hours. John Deere 4440,4555, and 4560 do not seem to do any better on fuel usage.
I like to rebuild my own injector pumps. There are a few changes can be made to the pump but I do not see how you can change the timing very much.
 
Did you mean Cummins instead of Perkin engine. I have a White 4-120 4 wd with a 5.9 Cummins. The pump was turned up to 150 hp. It has about 8500 hours on it. At about 3500 hours a bad injector burned a hole in the piston. No real problems in the last 5000 hours.
 
At the time I found NOS military engine parts for thr Herc at Memphis Equipment in Tennesee. The way the parts came protected they could have been buried at see and come out with no damage. Memphis is a military surplus warehouse, I would sure call them again first if I needed engine parts.
 
My 2150 that I am going to restore next has a Bosch 100 pump on it. The engine is worn out that is in it now. I have a military 465 transplant to put in it. Will the 100 pump I have work out ok with the high compression military transplant? Thanks Larry
 
Ambac M100 will work fine, and has better parts support than the old PSB pump. Hope your M100 has the 10MM head in it, there were some 9MM heads too in early IH pumps.
 
The model 100 pump replaced the PSJ pump that was on the military engine. They did not have a variable speed governor on the early 20 & 2150 tractors.
 
If the pump has the original head the tag info will be correct, example, 100 6A 90A xxxx-x is a 9MM head. 100 6A 100A xxxx-x is a 10MM head. Best way is to measure the plunger when the head is apart, there are some pumps with 10MM heads that the tag may have not been changed. There was also an 11MM head for Mack pumps that will fit if the face gear is changed or re-marked.
 

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