Perkins 354 turbo smoking

V8 farmer

Member
These engines are famous for their habit of making black smoke even with no load, at high rpms. What is causing that problem? I have two theories, one is the cam, turbo"s have different cam than NA, and NA does not smoke. Two, fuel pump. Is the rotary CAV pump too small, causing long injection time and therefore smoke? I have turbo 6.354.4 engine and got a Bosch pump with 12mm head for it and I am going to fit it (and bigger injectors too) and see how that is going to change things...
 
Not all 354 turbo engines smoke, but the ones that did had no speed advance or small plungers and low boost pressure. Early 1135 pumps had 10mm plungers, no advance. Late models had advance with same size plungers, smoked less and started better too. 1105 smoked worse even with advance but had small 7.5mm plungers. I had a 1105 that pump head was changed to 9mm, and turbo compressor side was changed to next larger size. With power set to 125 it stopped all smoke like it had before.
 
Thanks for the info Dieseltech. My tractor is 1985 MF 3525, do you know the plunger size of this pump? It also runs a little rough at high rpms (when it smokes), could it be that the speed advance is not working properly?
 
I'd also take a look at the auxillary drive shaft and worm gear, especially if the engine has bulk hours on it. When these show signs of wear, pump timing can be compromised, causing rough running and excess smoke issues.
 
Post the despatch # of the injection pump, then I can look at the test plan to find plunger size and advance spec if fitted. Not sure what pump # is on a 3525. Brother had one, but traded it so I can't look at his.
 
Here is a link to video that shows a similar smoker that I have, it is MF 2725 which is european version of the 3545. You can see how it smokes during the headland turn, with hardly no load at all.
Masseys at work
 
Pump hydraulic head is 4, 7.0 mm plunger size, about the same rate as 2 10 mm. Advance is 4 degrees pump, 8 degrees engine. If advance is coming in too late, it will smoke more. Try this, there are 2 springs under the 15/16 cap that has a 5/16 screw in it on the advance block, remove the inside spring and replace cap. Work tractor to see if that helps smoke level any. If not, I would remove all injectors and popcheck to see if all holes are open. Most Perkins injectors have 4 hole tips, if 1 hole is plugged on 1 or more injector power will go down and smoke will go up as incomplete combustion will occur since too much fuel through 3 holes will not have enough air to burn correctly. Have seen this on MF 1150 that was smoking too much and had lost power.
 
Thanks again, great info indeed. I havent checked the injectors yet because previous owner told he changed them recently (few hundred hours ago). But I'll check them again and see if its possible to get bigger/5-hole injectors for it, I suppose that would help too? At least thats what they are doing for NH 7.5 litre engines around here, heard that they get few extra hp just by swapping the nozzles to 5-hole.
 
Unless you are trying to greatly increase power larger hole tips or more holes are not needed. For example, my S90 puller still has 4 hole tips with holes only one size larger than stock. Pump has been modified to deliver over 250 CC per thousand strokes, stock is 68. PTO hp, short time only will hit over 200 with 35 pounds boost pressure with very little smoke under boost. Smokes like crazy with no boost. Stock engines with larger tips when not needed will actually smoke more as fuel can't mix with air charge as it should. Newer engines that use more holes have smaller, not larger hole sizes to help with mixing in piston bowl.
 
Interesting reading, actually learned stuff, but a question? This smoke would be what color and density? just to get a better idea of this cause and effect for the years to come:)
tks
 
Have the CAV DPA pump set to .4 settings. Stops the black smoke and gets rid of the "ragged" exhaust note as well at wide open throttle. Also works on the 6.372
 

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