John Deere 2510 Diesel - White Smoke...

While cutting hay the other day my 2510 started stumbling and white smoke poured out of the stack. The engine has about 150 hours on a full overhaul. I limped it back to the barn and shut it off. The temp never got out of the normal range. A few days later I drained a little oil to see if there was water, but none. I drained a little fuel out of the bottom of the tank to check for water.. none. Changed the fuel filter and bled the lines. Started the tractor and she ran great until I pulled her out of the barn and it started missing and smoking again. I got my infared thermometer out and the exhaust manifold reads about 50 degrees cooler on the #4 cylinder. I'm not sure if it is a fuel problem or a head gasket. I'm not diesel savy.. How would I narrow this down without ripping the head off?
 
Raw-fuel .un-burnt. Engine head has been off (check valve) ajustment ? Bent pushrods valve train ? Make sure valves are closing (check gap). Maybe fuel inj sticking run some fuel conditioner in fuel ?? My thoughts.
 
(quoted from post at 01:02:41 07/12/17) Swapped the injectors.... no change
mokejoe I went back read your 1st post. Engine temp not up or lack of Thermostat or not working??? #2 water in fuel it would quit running. The first time it would get a slug of water it would red line (fall flat on its face).It does hurt to look at . Look at drain valve on bottom of fuel tank there you we'll find water in tank if you haven't drain yet.(This I have done like 1/2 gallon comes out) . Do it in fall before winter ! May help start better won't turn to ICE . When you did overhaul did you mess w/ timing? How was your power did you notice more power w/overhaul?? A valve cover gasket & time look a valves clearance (gap). I'm wondering if something holding valve open?? Check radiator w/cap off for air bobbles a lot if your loosing compression. Please don't take anything as negative just asking questions.( It's good place find info) . If your not familiar with a diesel don't get your skin or eyes a round any fuel lines if anything leaking . It my look like a mist of fuel but it's under High P.S.I. Cut your skin & in your blood like a finger or eyes ! A small fine mist cut a hole a leather glove . Don't ask how I know. Need others to chime in w/ info.
 
(quoted from post at 02:54:16 07/12/17)
(quoted from post at 01:02:41 07/12/17) Swapped the injectors.... no change
mokejoe I went back read your 1st post. Engine temp not up or lack of Thermostat or not working??? #2 water in fuel it would quit running. The first time it would get a slug of water it would red line (fall flat on its face).It does hurt to look at . Look at drain valve on bottom of fuel tank there you we'll find water in tank if you haven't drain yet.(This I have done like 1/2 gallon comes out) . Do it in fall before winter ! May help start better won't turn to ICE . When you did overhaul did you mess w/ timing? How was your power did you notice more power w/overhaul?? A valve cover gasket & time look a valves clearance (gap). I'm wondering if something holding valve open?? Check radiator w/cap off for air bobbles a lot if your loosing compression. Please don't take anything as negative just asking questions.( It's good place find info) . If your not familiar with a diesel don't get your skin or eyes a round any fuel lines if anything leaking . It my look like a mist of fuel but it's under High P.S.I. Cut your skin & in your blood like a finger or eyes ! A small fine mist cut a hole a leather glove . Don't ask how I know. Need others to chime in w/ info.

No offense taken here.. any help is appreciated. First question, I was cutting hay with the tractor, so it was up to temperature. The temp gauge works and a thermostat is installed. I never saw the temperature get any higher than normal. Second question, I drained some fuel out from the bottom of the tank and no water came out. When the engine was overhauled, a reconditioned injection pump was installed to replace the old leaky one. So, the timing would've been set. I didnt notice a power increase after the overhaul. I have put over 100 hours on the tractor since overhaul and it has ran good until now. The hood is off now, so pulling the valve cover is no big deal. What clearances for the valve should I be looking for? How do I do this? Pull the injectors and look for top of cylinder travel on each cylinder? Before I do this, I will check for bubbles in the radiator. I didn't think of that. Thanks!
 
(quoted from post at 04:04:43 07/12/17)
(quoted from post at 02:54:16 07/12/17)
(quoted from post at 01:02:41 07/12/17) Swapped the injectors.... no change
mokejoe I went back read your 1st post. Engine temp not up or lack of Thermostat or not working??? #2 water in fuel it would quit running. The first time it would get a slug of water it would red line (fall flat on its face).It does hurt to look at . Look at drain valve on bottom of fuel tank there you we'll find water in tank if you haven't drain yet.(This I have done like 1/2 gallon comes out) . Do it in fall before winter ! May help start better won't turn to ICE . When you did overhaul did you mess w/ timing? How was your power did you notice more power w/overhaul?? A valve cover gasket & time look a valves clearance (gap). I'm wondering if something holding valve open?? Check radiator w/cap off for air bobbles a lot if your loosing compression. Please don't take anything as negative just asking questions.( It's good place find info) . If your not familiar with a diesel don't get your skin or eyes a round any fuel lines if anything leaking . It my look like a mist of fuel but it's under High P.S.I. Cut your skin & in your blood like a finger or eyes ! A small fine mist cut a hole a leather glove . Don't ask how I know. Need others to chime in w/ info.

No offense taken here.. any help is appreciated. First question, I was cutting hay with the tractor, so it was up to temperature. The temp gauge works and a thermostat is installed. I never saw the temperature get any higher than normal. Second question, I drained some fuel out from the bottom of the tank and no water came out. When the engine was overhauled, a reconditioned injection pump was installed to replace the old leaky one. So, the timing would've been set. I didnt notice a power increase after the overhaul. I have put over 100 hours on the tractor since overhaul and it has ran good until now. The hood is off now, so pulling the valve cover is no big deal. What clearances for the valve should I be looking for? How do I do this? Pull the injectors and look for top of cylinder travel on each cylinder? Before I do this, I will check for bubbles in the radiator. I didn't think of that. Thanks!
Ok on temp& fuel . Look under rocker arm & Top of valve stem . GAP intake valve smaller gap Mabey 015 th's . Exhaust valve 018-020 th's. Take feeler gauge under arm/ top of valve . check by rolling eng by hand . Screw driver in timing hole cover @ flywheel teeth rolling engine over watch valves on cyl that's as problems (when one valve is down all the way ) check other valve on same cyl . Then do other valve roll engine over samething. It's a little slow . There's other ways to do it don't have book to tell specs . Watch see if a big gap develop's may have something holding valve open. Or gap may be to tight not letting valve come up all the way . Look at flywheel wheel when turning over there is marks for timing to take a welding pen mark those to next check pump timing w/ flywheel . You may be pull inj pump if you finding nothing wrong on top of engine could be pump??? Need other to chime in!!!
 
(quoted from post at 15:38:12 07/12/17)
(quoted from post at 04:04:43 07/12/17)
(quoted from post at 02:54:16 07/12/17)
(quoted from post at 01:02:41 07/12/17) Swapped the injectors.... no change
mokejoe I went back read your 1st post. Engine temp not up or lack of Thermostat or not working??? #2 water in fuel it would quit running. The first time it would get a slug of water it would red line (fall flat on its face).It does hurt to look at . Look at drain valve on bottom of fuel tank there you we'll find water in tank if you haven't drain yet.(This I have done like 1/2 gallon comes out) . Do it in fall before winter ! May help start better won't turn to ICE . When you did overhaul did you mess w/ timing? How was your power did you notice more power w/overhaul?? A valve cover gasket & time look a valves clearance (gap). I'm wondering if something holding valve open?? Check radiator w/cap off for air bobbles a lot if your loosing compression. Please don't take anything as negative just asking questions.( It's good place find info) . If your not familiar with a diesel don't get your skin or eyes a round any fuel lines if anything leaking . It my look like a mist of fuel but it's under High P.S.I. Cut your skin & in your blood like a finger or eyes ! A small fine mist cut a hole a leather glove . Don't ask how I know. Need others to chime in w/ info.

No offense taken here.. any help is appreciated. First question, I was cutting hay with the tractor, so it was up to temperature. The temp gauge works and a thermostat is installed. I never saw the temperature get any higher than normal. Second question, I drained some fuel out from the bottom of the tank and no water came out. When the engine was overhauled, a reconditioned injection pump was installed to replace the old leaky one. So, the timing would've been set. I didnt notice a power increase after the overhaul. I have put over 100 hours on the tractor since overhaul and it has ran good until now. The hood is off now, so pulling the valve cover is no big deal. What clearances for the valve should I be looking for? How do I do this? Pull the injectors and look for top of cylinder travel on each cylinder? Before I do this, I will check for bubbles in the radiator. I didn't think of that. Thanks!
Ok on temp& fuel . Look under rocker arm & Top of valve stem . GAP intake valve smaller gap Mabey 015 th's . Exhaust valve 018-020 th's. Take feeler gauge under arm/ top of valve . check by rolling eng by hand . Screw driver in timing hole cover @ flywheel teeth rolling engine over watch valves on cyl that's as problems (when one valve is down all the way ) check other valve on same cyl . Then do other valve roll engine over samething. It's a little slow . There's other ways to do it don't have book to tell specs . Watch see if a big gap develop's may have something holding valve open. Or gap may be to tight not letting valve come up all the way . Look at flywheel wheel when turning over there is marks for timing to take a welding pen mark those to next check pump timing w/ flywheel . You may be pull inj pump if you finding nothing wrong on top of engine could be pump??? Need other to chime in!!!
Smokejoe I'm back hey get it running crack fuel line on injector you moved to other cyl . Just enough to let fuel out see if it stops smoking . You can tell one at a time if cyl is firing . Should hear cyl cut out while running ? Crack line at injector 1/2 turn w/ wrench just to some fuel out then sung it up should hear cyl start hitting or smoke . Might tell if is bad injector ( you don't need to pull inj's to check valves for gap . Let us know what you find ??? Got to go back to work .
 

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